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poverty and distress are unavoidable, since population increases by geometrical ratio and the means of subsistence by arithmetical ratio. As checks on population growth, Malthus first accepted only war, famine, and disease, but in his revised work he admitted also the preventive check of “moral restraint.”
An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, 1976);
An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent (1815, 1970);
Principles of Political Economy (1820, 1834, 1964);
Definitions in Political Economy (1827, 1963);
Five Papers on Political Economy by T. R. Malthus , ed. C. Renwick (1953);
Occasional Papers of T. R. Malthus , ed. B. Semmel (1963);
Travel Diaries of T. R. Malthus , ed. P. James (1966).
BBC - History - Thomas Robert Malthus (1766 - 1834)
biography by J. Bonar (2d ed. 1924, repr. 1966);
study by D. V. Glass (1953);
M. Paglin, Malthus and Lauderdale; the Anti-Ricardian Tradition (1956, repr. 1973);
M. Turner, ed., Malthus and His Time (1986).