Middle Ages Links
CCD HISTORY 101 - History of Western Civilization 1
Middle Ages Links |
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| Dictionary and Thesaurus |
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| The Feudal Monarchies | |
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Invasions from the East and North |
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| The Social Order of Medieval Europe | |
Links largely compiled and annotated by Corey Likne
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Part 1: A.D. 1 --748
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Anglo/part1.html
Primary source from the Online Medieval and Classical Library provides an
overview of this historical period as well as a chronology of the era. The
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle was originally compiled on the orders of King Alfred the
Great, approximately AD 890, and subsequently maintained and added to by
generations of anonymous scribes until the middle of the 12th Century.
Anglo-Saxon Living History
http://www.angelcynn.org.uk/
This site seeks to reconstruct and present the cutlure of the earliest pagan
Anglo-Saxons in Britain. A very interesting site for material culture (clothing,
weapons, food, etc.)
Gaul and the Battle of Chaolons
http://art1.candor.com/barbarian/gaul.htm
This essay discusses the invasion of Gaul, the Battle of Chalons, the invasion
of Italy and Attila the Hun. [Loads slow -- be patient]
The Germanic Invasions, 406--500
http://www.ukans.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/germanic_invasions.html
This lecture by Professor Lynn H. Nelson of the University of Kansas discusses
"how the German tribesmen were able to take control of the Western Roman
Empire primarily because of the ineffectiveness of the imperial government in
the West. It also explains how the Germanic "successor states," in
theory at least, represented a re-unification of the Roman Empire."
The Rise of the Franks, ca. 350 --751
http://www.ukans.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/franks_rise.html
This lecture by Professor Lynn H. Nelson of the University of Kansas discusses
the "consolidation of the Franks under King Clovis (481-511), their
expansion and the reasons for their ability to dominate northwestern Europe, and
the organization of the Frankish government under Clovis's successors, the kings
of the Merovingian dynasty."
Visigoths
http://www.knight.org/advent/cathen/15476b.htm
This article from the Catholic Encyclopedia describes one of the two major
branches of the Goths
Augustine: Confessions
http://www.ccel.org/a/augustine/confessions/confessions.html
This site from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library provides both summaries
and documentary text of Augustine's autobiography
The City of God
http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF1-02/
This is the primary text from St. Augustine's classic. The web site from the
Christian Classics Ethereal Library provides links to a wealth of primary texts.
Documents From the First Council of Nicea (the First Ecumenical Council)
A.D. 325
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/nicea1.txt
This web site provides the lengthy text of the various documents from this
critical meeting called to address the Arian heresy, including the important
Nicene Creed that defined the Roman Catholic Church's position on the nature of
Christ.
The First Council of Nicea
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11044a.htm
This Catholic Encyclopedia article provides an overview of this significant
meeting.
Gregory the Great
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06780a.htm
Biographical entry from The Catholic Encyclopedia
Matrix: A Collection of Resources for the Study of Women's Religious
Communities, 500 to 1500
http://matrix.bc.edu/
This web site from the Yale University Divinity School combines community
profiles, primary sources, images, maps and articles.
Pope St. Leo I (The Great)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09154b.htm
Biographical entry from The Catholic Encyclopedia
Rule of Benedict
http://www.osb.org/rb/index.html
This Order of St. Benedict site provides the original text by the founder of the
Benedictine order.
Rule of St. Benedict
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02436a.htm
Biographical sketch.
St. Ambrose
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01383c.htm
This biographical sketch from the Catholic Encyclopedia describes the famous
fourth century governor and bishop of Milan known for his strong stand
protecting the church from the emperor.
St. Augustine
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02084a.htm
Biographical entry from The Catholic Encyclopedia.
St. Hilda
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07350a.htm
Biographical entry from The Catholic Encyclopedia. Relates to the Synod of
Whitby (633)
St. Jerome
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08341a.htm
Biographical entry from The Catholic Encyclopedia.
Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/mango.html
This excerpt from a chapter of Cyril Mango's Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome
(1980) explores the peoples and the languages of the Byzantine Empire around the
time of Justinian the Great.
The Development of the Byzantine Solidus from Bearers of Meaning, the
Ottilia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins at Lawrence University
http://www.lawrence.edu/dept/art/buerger/essays/byzant.html
This web site compiled by Michael Orr is an exploration of ancient and Byzantine
coins. This extensive collection allows the viewer to explore not only the
historical and aesthetic importance of the coins. The central theme of the
exhibition is that the coins were circulated not only as means of exchange, but
also as significant "bearers of meaning." The essay on Byzantine coins
continues over a number of web pages.
The Early Centuries of the Greek and Roman East
http://www.greece.org/Romiosini/constple.html
This essay by Professor Nikolaos Provatas of the University of Illinois
discusses a number of important Byzantine topics: the foundation of
Constantinople, the adoption of Christianity, Byzantine literature and arts, and
the significant influences of the Emperor Justinian.
The Ecloga on Sexual Crimes (8th Cent.)
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/ecloga1.html
This primary text from the Internet Medieval Source Book lists criminal
punishments for various sexual crimes from the Ecloga of the Emperor Leo III in
8th century Byzantium.
The Fight to Survive
http://www.greece.org/Romiosini/barb.html
This essay by Professor Dionysios Hatzopoulos, University of Montreal, discusses
the military threats against the Byzantine Empire in the late sixth century
under the Emperor Justinian's successor, Justin II.
The Iconoclastic Period (711 Ð 843)
http://www.greece.org/Romiosini/iconoclastic.html
This essay by Dionysios Hatzopoulos, Professor of Classical and Byzantine
Studies at Dawson College, Montreal, traces the Iconoclastic Crisis from its
origins during the rule of Philippicus (711-713) to its peak during the reign of
Emperor Leo III (717-741).
The Life of St. Matrona of Perge
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/matrona.html
This Internet Medieval Source Book site provides two early primary text accounts
of this late fifth and early sixth century abbess from Constantinople, a notable
Byzantine female saint.
Procopios: on the Great Church, [Hagia Sophia]
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/procop-deaed1.html
This original text from a well-known contemporary describes Justinian's great
building project of the Church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, dedicated in
537.
The Koran
http://etext.virginia.edu/koran.html
This text from the Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia, is a scanned
version of M. H. Shakir's translation of the Holy Qur'an, as published by
Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an, Inc. The site is searchable as well as browseable,
chapter by chapter.
Biography of Prophet Muhammad
http://www.erols.com/zenithco/muhammad.html
This lengthy biographical essay was written by Dr. A. Zahoor and Dr. Z. Haq.
An Introduction to Islam
http://eawc.evansville.edu/essays/hussain.htm
This comprehensive essay by Dr. Mohammad I. Hussain, M.D., examines many areas
and facets of medieval Islamic civilization.
Islamic Architecture
http://bloom.mit.edu/agakhan/
This web site from the M.I.T. Rotch Library provides a visual display of Islamic
religious architecture, either by architectural component or by location, as
well as extensive bibliographical information.
The Islamic Conquest of Spain
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/conqspain.html
This ninth century account from the Medieval Sourcebook traces the Muslim
expansion in the 8th century.
The Battle of Poitiers, 732
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/arab-poitiers732.html
This primary source is the chronicle by an anonymous Arab of the defeat of
Muslim forces in 732 by Charles Martel and the Franks at the Battle of Poitiers
[or Tours].
Battle of The Yarmuk (636) and After
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/yarmuk.html
This Internet Medieval Sourcebook site provides a Muslim account of the seventh
century Battle of the Yarmuk by which victorious Muslim armies took control of
Syria.
The Dome of the Rock
http://www.erols.com/ameen/domerock.htm
This essay by Roger Garaudy explains the history and architecture of The Dome of
the Rock, the first Muslim masterpiece, built in 687 AD, a half-century after
the death of the Prophet Muhammad.
Law and Justice
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/schacht.html
This essay by J. Schacht on Islamic law and justice is from the Cambridge
Encyclopedia of Islam.
The Prophet Muhammad's Last Sermon
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/muhm-sermon.html
This text from the Medieval Sourcebook provides a version of a sermon delivered
in the Uranah Valley of Mount Arafat.
Religion and Philosophy
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1190averroes.html
This text, known in English as "On the Harmony of Religions and
Philosophy" and in Arabic as "Kitab fasl al-maqal," includes
theological interpretations of the Muslim creation epic, the prophets, fate,
predestination, divine justice and injustice, and the judgment day.
Science and Muslim Scientists
http://www.umairned.8m.com/science_and_muslim_scientists.htm
This essay from the Science & Islam homepage attributes to Muslims a number
of scientific achievements, including the experimental method, the founding of
chemistry, physics, and biology, and the transmission of scientific knowledge to
the West.
A Scientist's Interpretation of References to Embryology in the Qur'an
http://www.quran.org.uk/ieb_quran_embryology.htm
This 1986 article by Dr. Keith L. Moore from the University of Toronto, from The
Journal of the Islamic Medical Association, discusses references to human
reproduction found in The Qur'an.
Annals of Lorsch: The Pope Makes Pepin King
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/lorsch1.html
This primary source from the Internet Medieval Source Book describes the famous
episode in 749 in which the pope transferred the crown of France from the
Merovingians to the Carolingian Pepin, mayor of the palace.
Pope Gregory II - Appeal to Charles Martel
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/g2-martellet.html
This primary source is a letter in 739 in which Pope Gregory III (731 - 741)
appeals to the Frankish ruler Charles Martel for help against the Lombards in
Italy.
Charlemagne
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610c.htm
Biographical entry from The Catholic Encyclopedia.
General Capitulary on the Missi
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/carol-missi1.html
This ninth century primary source explains the role of the missi (the king's
emissaries) in governing the Carolingian Empire.
Carolingian Schools
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03349c.htm
This comprehensive William Turner essay explains the revival of education during
the Carolingian period is from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
The Life of Charlemagne
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/einhard.html
This site presents a complete nineteenth century translation of the classic
contemporary biography of Charlemagne by Einhard.
The Life of King Alfred
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/KingAlfred/
This primary source from the Berkeley Digital Library is a biography, originally
composed in Latin, possibly sometime around 888 AD by the monk and bishop Asser
of Sherborne.
The Collapse of the Carolingian Empire
http://kuhttp.cc.ukans.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/carolingian_empire_fall.html
This essay is a lecture from the University of Kansas about the fall of the
Carolingian Empire. The author argues that the rulers "failed to address
the basic problems of the West: the decay of the economic infrastructure (roads,
bridges) and the loss of the manufacturing and monetary subsidy," and the
division of the state among the king's heirs.
Monarchs and Monasteries: Knowledge and Power in Medieval France (late
8th--late 15th centuries)
http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/bnf/bnf0003.html
This site, from the Library of Congress, combines both images and text to convey
an impression of French culture.
Attila the Hun
http://www.knight.org/advent/cathen/02061b.htm
Brief biographical sketch of Attila the Hun from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Priscus at the Court of Attila
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/priscus.html
This site provides a translation by J.B. Bury of an original account of a visit
to the court of Attila, king of the Huns. This is regarded one of the liveliest
and most informative documents of the encounter between Romans and barbarians
from the late Roman Empire.
Viking and Hungarian Raiders
http://www.hillsdale.edu/academics/history/War/Med/883-Raiders.htm
This site from Oliver J. Thatcher and Edgar H. McNeal, eds., A Source Book for
Medieval History (1905) provides a brief description of two groups that
threatened the Carolingian Empire.
Description of a Manor House at Chingford, Essex, 1265
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/chingford.html
This primary source from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook describes a manor
house for St. Paul's Cathedral, London, in 1265.
The Life of Hildegard von Bingen
http://www.nls.physics.ucsb.edu/~kris/music/Hildegard.html
This site provides biographical information about the remarkable Hildegard of
Bingen (1098-1179), theologian, visionary writer, natural historian, adviser to
bishops, popes, and kings, founder of a convent, playwright, and important
composer.
The Experience of Homosexuality in the Middle Ages
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/gaymidages.html
This essay, written in 1988 by Paul Halsall while a graduate student, explores
the homosexual sub-culture during the middle ages. Dr. Halsall's
preface/disclaimer is rather amusing, and tells a story in itself.
Feudalism
http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/vinogradoff/feudal
This lengthy essay, from the Cambridge Medieval History, was written by Paul
Vinogradoff in 1924.
Foundations of Society (Origins of Feudalism)
http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/vinogradoff/found
This essay, also written by Paul Vinogradoff, traces the Roman and Germanic
origins of feudal institutions.
A Husband's Endowment Of His Future Wife On Their Betrothal - Southern
Burgundy, 994
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/endow1.html
Paul Hyams of Cornell University translated this tenth century primary source
from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook.
The Jews of Spain and the Visigothic Code, 654-681 CE
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/jews-visigothic1.html
This site from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook provides two original decrees by
seventh century Spanish kings establishing Catholicism and threatening Jews with
expulsion or baptism. Even after the overthrow of the Visigothic kingdom by the
Arabs, this seventh-century code continued to influence Catholic Spain all
through the Middle Ages and is evidenced in the Spanish Inquisition of the 15th
century.
Letter on the Jews 1199: Innocent III
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/inn3-jews.html
In this primary source from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook, Pope Innocent III
decrees elements of protection of Jews against violence and property damage.
Manorial Marriage and Sexual Offense Cases
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/manor-marr1.html
This site, from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook, provides translations of
original summaries of four legal cases involving various levels of "sexual
offense."
Medieval Christian (Dis)identifications: Muslims and Jews in Guibert of
Nogent
http://www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/conf/cs95/papers/kruger.html
This essay emphasizes the importance medieval Latin Christianity placed on
"disidentifying" a variety of religious and racial "others,"
particularly Jews and Muslims. The essay, written by Steven F. Kruger of City
University of New York, includes a "comments" section.
Ralph Glaber: On the First Millennium
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/glaber-1000.html
This primary source from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook explores the medieval
preoccupation with the year AD 1000 and the expectation of strange events.
The Subservience of Women in Medieval Thought
http://www.humanities.ccny.cuny.edu/history/reader/medievalwomen.htm
These primary texts from Gratian and St. Thomas Aquinas depict women as inferior
and subject to a man's authority.
England on the Eve of the Norman Conquest
http://britannia.com/history/eveconq.html
This essay, written by Geoff Boxell, provides a descriptive overview of life in
England prior to the Norman invasion.
The Bayeux Tapestry
http://www.ukans.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/bayeux_tapestry.html
This is a brief lecture on the Tapestry from the Medieval Lecture Series at the
University of Kansas.
The Revival of Commerce and Towns
http://www.ukans.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/towns.html
This lecture from the University of Kansas discusses economic issues around the
year 1000.
St. Thomas Becket
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14676a.htm
Biographical entry from The Catholic Encyclopedia.
Secrets of the Norman Invasion
http://www.secretsofthenormaninvasion.com/
This site, by Nick Austin, provides a chronological view of the Norman invasion,
which relies on modern technologies such as aerial photography.
Speech at Council of Clermont, 1095, according to Fulcher of Chartres
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/urban2-fulcher.html
This primary source from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook is the call of Pope
Urban II for the First Crusade. At the council of Clermont, the Pope urged the
crowd to assist the Greeks in recovering Palestine from Muslim rule.
On the Opening of the First Crusade
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/ekkehard-aur1.html
This primary source, from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook, is the early twelfth
century history of the First Crusade, written by Ekkehard, a well-known German
historian. Scholars regard the work as "remarkably painstaking and
temperate."
The Capture of Jerusalem by Saladin
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1187saladin.html
This source, from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook, is a translation by James
Brundage from the Latin version of the capture of the Holy Land by Saladin in
1187.
The Children's Crusade
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1212pueri.html
This primary source, from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook, describes the
thirteenth century movement known as the Children's Crusade. "This
expedition attracted thousands of children and young adults from northern France
and western Germany to its banners."
The Concordat of Worms
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/worms1.html
This papal concordat of 1122 recognized the king's right to invest bishops with
secular authority, but not with sacred authority. However, the power struggle
between the papacy the secular monarchs continued. This primary source is from
the Internet Medieval Sourcebook.
The Crusades
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04543c.htm
This entry from the Catholic Encyclopedia details the history of the Crusades
from the eleventh through the fifteenth centuries.
The Crusades
http://history.hanover.edu/project.html#ma
This web site from Hanover College provides a comprehensive set of links to
texts and archives on the Crusades.
14th Century Illuminated Manuscript Images of the Crusades
http://www.bnf.fr/enluminures/themes/t_1/st_1_02/a102_006.htm
These striking images of the Crusades are provided by the Bibliotheque Nationale
de France from the illuminated manuscripts of "The Age of King Charles
V" exhibit.
Saint Francis of Assisi
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06221a.htm
Biographical entry from The Catholic Encyclopedia.
Female Heroes: The Women Left Behind
http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/heroine3.html
This web site, from the Women in World History Curriculum, describes the life of
women left alone because of the Crusades. It includes two examples of troubadour
poetry.
Life of the Students at Paris
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/vitry1.html
This primary source, from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook, provides
"testimony . . . as to the evil life of a large proportion of the
students."
Music of the Middle Ages and Renaissance
http://www.gprep.org/~music/musikbok/chap11.html
This site, from Gary Daum's textbook "Music: A User's Guide for the
Beginner," describes the emerging use of new multi-layered music, or
polyphony, in Western sacred music around the year 1000.
Saint Thomas Aquinas
http://www.ccel.org/a/aquinas/aquinas.html
This entry from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library contains biographical
information, links to additional biographical information from the Catholic
Encyclopedia as well as from the Encyclopedia Britannica, and links to the
primary texts. [Link down June 1, 2000]
Scholasticism
http://www.nd.edu:80/Departments/Maritain/etext/scholas1.htm
This site was presents Joseph Rickaby's 1908 essay on scholasticism, including
its origins, its decay, and its revival.
Eleanor of Aquitaine
http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/heroine2.html
This site, from the "Female Heroes" series of "Women in World
History" (Lyn Reese, Director), provides biographical information about
Eleanor of Aquitaine.
The Enduring Popularity of Courtly Love
http://www.millersv.edu/~resound/court.html
This essay by Kay Stoner of Millersville University discusses courtly love in
medieval Europe. Stoner writes: "From 1100 to 1300 (most intensely in the
quarter-centuries before and after 1200), the language of lady love prevailed in
the courts of England and Europe."
Winchester Cathedral: History and Heritage
http://www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk/
This site, from the Winchester Cathedral home page, provides information on the
history and culture of this Romanesque Cathedral that has held religious
services for nine hundred years.
Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, 1302
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/b8-unam.html
This primary source, from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook, is the Papal Bull
"Unam Sanctam" in which Boniface VIII asserted his rights against King
Phillip the Fair of France, is a landmark in the history of the doctrine of
Papal Primacy.
The Golden Bull
http://www.knight.org/advent/cathen/03048a.htm
This entry from the Catholic Encyclopedia describes a law signed by the Emperor
Charles IV in 1356 during the Diet of Nuremberg. The decree, a fundamental part
of the Constitutional law in the Holy Roman Empire provided that each emperor
should be chosen by election and that the right to vote be vested in electoral
princes.
The Magna Carta
http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/featured_documents/magna_carta/index.html
This site from the National Archives provides historical context on the Magna
Carta as well as links to the full document.
The Magna Carta
http://www.britannia.com/history/magna2.html
This site provides background information on the Magna Carta, legal
interpretations of the articles of the document, and a link to a Rudyard Kipling
poem commemorating the signing the Magna Carta.
Marsiligio of Padua: Conclusions from Defensor Pacis, 1324
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/marsiglio1.html
Defensor Pacis is a treatise on politics written by Marsiglio, a canon of the
church of Padua, in 1324. Marsiglio derives his work from The Politics of
Aristotle, taken from a Latin summary commonly in use in the Middle Ages.
Pope St. Gregory VII
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06791c.htm
Biographical entry from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Amiens Cathedral. A Multimedia Project for the Columbia University Core
Curriculum
http://www.arch.columbia.edu/DDL/projects/amiens/
This site provides a variety of computer generated images of the cathedral.
Digital Dante
http://dante.ilt.columbia.edu/
This site from Columbia University, provides a multimedia introduction to Dante
and specifically to the Divine Comedy through links to essays and commentary by
scholars and students, art work related to Dante, net resources, and to
translations of Dante's work.
Giotto
http://sunserv.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/g/giotto/biograph.html
This site provides a biographical sketch of this Florentine painter, architect
and sculptor, often recognized as the first artistic genius of the Italian
Renaissance. The site also provides links to images of Giotto's art works, which
include commentary and the ability to send a work of art as a postcard.
Gothic Painting (1280-1515)
http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/tl/gothic/
This site from the Web Museum, Paris, provides information on the gothic style
of painting and provides links to additional information on artists of the era.
Manuscripts, Books, and Maps: The Printing Press and a Changing World: The
Rise of the University
http://communication.ucsd.edu/bjones/Books/rise.html
This essay discusses the impact the printing press had on the medieval world.
Music: Introduction to Medieval Music
http://www.vanderbilt.edu/~cyrus/ORB/orbmusic.htm
This entry from the ORB Encyclopedia provides a basic historical overview of
medieval music for the non-specialist, addressing such topics as music as a
liberal art and as a practical craft, musical additions to the liturgy, and
early polyphony.
Pisano Family of Sculptures
http://sunserv.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/p/pisano/giovanni/biograph.html
This site provides biographical information on this remarkable father and son,
Nicola and Giovanni Pisano, who were major figures in the 13th-century Roman
revival, carving pulpits, cathedral facades and municipal fountains in the
cities of Pisa, Perugia, Siena, Pistoia, and Padua. The site links to images of
works of sculpture, including commentary, and provides the ability to send the
images as a postcard.
The Famine of 1315
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/famin1315a.html
This is a selection from the primary text Annates by Johannes de Trokelowe.
Plague and Public Health in Renaissance Europe
http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/osheim/intro.html
This site from the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities provides
medical information, government records, religious writings, and images that
document the arrival, impact and response to the plague between 1348 and 1530.
Some Important Events in the Fourteenth Century
http://www.siue.edu/CHAUCER/14thcent.html
This site uses a fifteenth-century manuscript of the chronicle Jean Froissart
Froissart, a contemporary of Chaucer's and a poet as well, to illustrate some of
the major events of the fourteenth century. Included are the beginning of the
100 Years' War, the Battle of Poitiers, and the Peasants' Revolt of 1381.
The Maid of Orleans
http://www.thehistorynet.com/MilitaryHistory/articles/1998/0498_cover.htm
This essay by Don O'Reilly is from Military History; it provides an account of
Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War.
St. Joan of Arc
http://www.knight.org/advent/cathen/08409c.htm
The Catholic Encyclopedia biographical sketch.
Medieval Sourcebook: Jean Froissart: On The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/froissart1.html
The chronicle of Jean Froissart gives an account of the "Hundred Years'
War."
Wharram Percy: The Lost Medieval Village
http://loki.stockton.edu/~ken/wharram/wharram.htm
This site explores the life of the "deserted" medieval peasant village
of Wharram Percy, including the valley, the church, the peasant houses, the
manor houses, and the people.
The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, by Jacob Burckhardt
http://www.idbsu.edu/courses/hy309/docs/burckhardt/burckhardt.html
This translation by S.G.C. Middlemore presents the Swiss historian's classic
treatment of the emergence of a revolution from Medieval to Renaissance culture.
Julian of Norwich's "Christ as Mother" and Medieval
Constructions of Gender
http://users.visi.net/~longt/julian.htm
This 1995 paper by Thomas L. Long outlines "the pertinent sections of
Julian of Norwich's A Revelation of Love where the image of Jesus as Mother is
stated or implied, suggest[s] some possible antecedents for the image of a (trans)gendered
divinity, and define[s]more clearly the shape of medieval gender construction to
suggest the boundaries of gender's apparent fluidity in the Middle Ages."
Medieval German Women Writers, 1100--1450
http://orb.rhodes.edu/encyclop/culture/Women/BIOGS.html
This essay by Rebecca Garber examines 17 women writers of the medieval era
through the use of biographical sketches and analyses of common traits. Garber
concludes: ". . . It is obvious that the women shared many commonalties:
they were from the highest classes of society, the nobility and the city
patriciate; they were deeply religious women with strong vocations; they chose
to live within the monastery walls of the Benedictine, Cistercian, and Dominican
orders; their texts were considered to be edifying and predominantly didactic in
nature."
Francesco Petrarch: Letters, c. 1372
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/petrarch1.html
The poet and historian Petrarch, or Petrarca, (1304-1374) is seen as a precursor
of the Renaissance primarily because of his reintroduction of the classics. Also
a great letter writer, Petrarch wrote some odd letters to dead figures of the
past that are presented in this site.
Private Selves and the Intellectual Marketplace in Late Fourteenth Century
England
http://www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/conf/cs95/papers/galloway.html
This essay by Andrew Galloway of Cornell University "explores how the
self-images of two late-medieval English intellectuals and writers, Thomas Usk
and Adam Usk, emerged from and responded to their professional and social
circumstances."
The Rise of Capitalism
http://kuhttp.cc.ukans.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/capitalism.html
This lecture, from the University of Kansas, discusses the economic,
educational, fraternal and civic roles of the Guild System between 1300 and
1500.
The Battle of Tewkesbury
http://www.thehistorynet.com/MilitaryHistory/articles/12962_text.htm
This essay by David Alan Johnson from Military History discusses the Battle of
Tewkesbury and the settlement of the dynastic struggle between York and
Lancaster.
The Bibliothèque Nationale de France presents : The Age of King Charles V
(1338-1380)
http://www.bnf.fr/enluminures/aaccueil.htm
This site from the French national library presents illuminations from the
Department of Manuscripts and numerous texts and commentaries on the period.
Edward III (1327-1377 AD)
http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon32.html
This web site from the "Monarchs of England" provides biographical
information about Edward III whose reign featured several notable domestic
achievements in spite of being dominated by the Hundred Years' War and the Black
Death.
Henry VII (1485-1509)
http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon40.html
This web site from the Britannia Internet Magazine's "Monarchs of
England" provides biographical information about Henry VII.
Richard III (1483-85 AD)
http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon39.html
Another page from the Britannia Internet Magazine's "Monarchs of
England" site provides biographical information about Richard III.
The Spain of Fernan and Isabel
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